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?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????: ?? ??, ?????, ???, ???, ???, ??, ???, ??? ??, ??? ? ??, ?? ? ?? ??, ?? ??, ?? ? ??, ??, ?? ??, ?? ??, ??, ?? ? ? ??, ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ??, ?? ? ?? ??? ??, ?? ?? ??? ? ??, ?? ??, ?? ???, ?? ?? ???, ?? ??? ?? ??, ???, ???, ??? ?? ?? ??, ???, ???, ???, ?? ??, ??? ? ? ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ??, ??, ??, ??, ?? ??, ?? ? ??, ???, ???? ? ?? ????, ?? ? ?? ??, ?? ??, ??? ??, ?? ??, ??, ??, ??? ? ???, ??? ?? ? ???, ??? ?? ??, ?? ??, ???? ??.
US-FCR, ??? ??
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), ??? ??
GB-REG, ??? ??
United States Navy, ??? ??
U.S. Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (US-AHRI), ??? ??
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), ??? ??
GSO, ??? ??
IN-BIS, ??? ??
SCC, ??? ??
- 12/30269382 DC BS EN 1048. ????. ??? ?? ??('?? ??'). ?? ??? ?? ??? ??
- BS DD ENV 1048:1993 ????. ??? ?? ??? "?? ???". ?? ??? ?? ??? ??
- CSA C22.2 No.132-1973 ?? ???
- MIL MIL-DTL-17557F-2013 ???, ??, ???, ?? ??(?? ?? ??)
- UNE-EN 1048:1999 ????. ??? ?? COLLERS "?? ???". ?? ??? ?? ??? ??
- NS-EN 1048:2014 ? ??? — ??? ?? ???('?? ???') — ?? ??? ?? ??? ??
- NS-EN 1118:1998 ? ??? - ?? ?? ?? ??? - ?? ??? ?? ??? ??
- NS-EN 1048:1998 ? ??? — ??? ?? ??? "?? ???" ——?? ??? ?? ??? ??
- HOLDEN HN 2170-1994 ?? ?? ??
- DANSK DS/EN 1048:2014 ???? - ??? ?? ???('?? ???') - ?? ??? ?? ??? ??
- NS-EN 13487:2003 ? ??? - ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? - ?? ??
- DANSK DS/EN 1118:1999 ???? - ?? ??? ?? ??? - ?? ??? ?? ??? ??
- BS DD ENV 1118:1994 ????. ?? ?? ?? ???. ?? ??? ?? ??? ??
- MIL MIL-C-16388D-1990 ???, ??, ?? ?? ??(?? ???)(MIL-C-16388C ??)
- DIN SPEC 74103:2015 ?? ?? - R744-??? ??? - ??? ???? ?? ?? ??; ???? ??? ? ???
- DIN EN 1048 E:2012 ?? ?? - ? ??? - ??? ?? ???(?? ???) - ?? ??? ?? ??? ??; ??? ?? prEN 1048:2012
- CSA C22.2 No.104-M1983-1983 ??? ? ??? ???
- DIN SPEC 74103 E:2014 ?? ?? - ?? ?? - R744-??? ??? - ??? ???? ?? ?? ??; ???? ??? ? ???
- JIS B 8610:2020 ?? ?? ??? ?? ??
- MIL MIL-C-17557E-1988 ???, ??, ??, ?? ??(?? ?? ???)(MIL-C-17557D ??)
- BS 4485-4:1975 ??? - ??? ????
- HOLDEN HN 2170-2012 ?? - ??? ?? ??
- MIL MIL-PRF-6864F-2010 ???, ??, ?? ??
- HOLDEN HN 1564-2009 ??? ?? ?? ??
- DANSK DS/EN 13487:2019 ? ??? – ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? – ?? ??
- NS-EN 13487:2019 ? ??? - ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? - ?? ??
- BS DD ENV 1117:1994 ????. ?? ?? ?? ???. ?? ??? ?? ??? ??
- AWWA ACE63132 ??? ? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??
- BS 6671:1986 ??? ? ??? ?? ??
- DIN SPEC 74104:2015 ?? ?? - R744-??? ??? - ???/?? ??; ???? ??? ? ???
- FM Approvals 4930:2016 ???
- CEI EN IEC 63169:2021 ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? - ?? ??
- VDI 2047 BLATT 2-2019 ??? - ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??(VDI ??? ??)
- NS-EN 14511-1:2022 ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ???, ?? ?? ???, ? ??, ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? — 1?: ?? ? ??
- DANSK DS/EN IEC 63169:2020 ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? – ?? ??
- MIL MIL-DTL-62006C-1998 ??, ??: ??? ? ??
- CAN/CSA-C815-2009(R2014) ?? ???? ??? ??
- CAN/CSA C815-1999(R2008) ?? ???? ??? ??
- MIL MIL-C-85300-1982 ???, ??? ???(S/S ?? ??)
- CAN/CSA C815-2009(R2019) ?? ???? ??? ??
- CAN/CSA C815-2009(R2024) ?? ???? ??? ??
- NS-EN 1117:1998 ? ??? - ?? ?? ?? ??? - ?? ??? ?? ??? ??
- VDI 2047 BLATT 2-2019 ??? - ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??(VDI ??? ??)
Danish Standards Foundation, ??? ??
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), ??? ??
ASHRAE - American Society of Heating@ Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers@ Inc., ??? ??
German Institute for Standardization, ??? ??
Professional Standard - Light Industry, ??? ??
Defense Logistics Agency, ??? ??
CZ-CSN, ??? ??
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People‘s Republic of China, ??? ??
British Standards Institution (BSI), ??? ??
Underwriters Laboratories (UL), ??? ??
Group Standards of the People's Republic of China, ??? ??
Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS), ??? ??
U.S. Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (US-AHRI), ??? ??
Professional Standard-Ships, ??? ??
GM North America, ??? ??
European Committee for Standardization (CEN), ??? ??
Lithuanian Standards Office , ??? ??
AENOR, ??? ??
KR-KS, ??? ??
Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC), ??? ??
Professional Standard - Machinery, ??? ??
SA-SASO, ??? ??
Association Francaise de Normalisation, ??? ??
CEN - European Committee for Standardization, ??? ??
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ??? ??
未注明發布機構, ??? ??
Indonesia Standards, ??? ??
ITU-T - International Telecommunication Union/ITU Telcommunication Sector, ??? ??
IL-SII, ??? ??
工業和信息化部/國家能源局, ??? ??
GM Daewoo, ??? ??
VDI - Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, ??? ??
Cooling Technology Institute, ??? ??
AT-ON, ??? ??
American National Standards Institute (ANSI), ??? ??
RU-GOST R, ??? ??
U.S. Military Regulations and Norms, ??? ??
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ??? ??
工業和信息化部, ??? ??
HU-MSZT, ??? ??
Shanghai Provincial Standard of the People's Republic of China, ??? ??
Professional Standard - Grain, ??? ??
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), ??? ??
GM Europe, ??? ??
SAE - SAE International, ??? ??
Professional Standard - Agriculture, ??? ??
Association of German Mechanical Engineers, ??? ??
CU-NC, ??? ??
TH-TISI, ??? ??
ES-UNE, ??? ??
US-GSA, ??? ??
US-VA, ??? ??
國家能源局, ??? ??
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization(CENELEC), ??? ??
(U.S.) Ford Automotive Standards, ??? ??
NL-NEN, ??? ??
Professional Standard - Railway, ??? ??
Military Standard of the People's Republic of China-General Armament Department, ??? ??
Beijing Provincial Standard of the People's Republic of China, ??? ??
IT-UNI, ??? ??
Professional Standard - Aviation, ??? ??
Aeronautical Radio Inc., ??? ??
機械電子工業部, ??? ??